IIW White Paper

Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... III Panel of expert contributors ..................................................................................................... IV Executive summary....................................................................................................................XII Editors’ Preface.......................................................................................................................... XIII

1. Scope and objectives .....................................................................................................1

2. Welding industry in the world ......................................................................................3

2.1 2.2 2.3

Historical perspective: welding as problem solver ...................................................4 Today’s welding industry and its structures ...............................................................6 Organisations, institutes, communication and networks..........................................6 2.3.1 Early welding societies.................................................................................................6 2.3.2 International cooperation...........................................................................................7 2.3.3 Regional benefits .........................................................................................................8

3 Significance of welding and joining .........................................................................9

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Major industrial sectors utilising welding and joining .............................................10 Social aspects and improvement of quality of life.................................................11 Welding and joining in sustainable growth and environment ..............................12 Value and benefits of welding..................................................................................12 Failures of welded structures.....................................................................................14

4. Needs and challenges in welding and joining sciences .............................17

4.1 New materials, weldability and testing....................................................................18 4.1.1 New materials and weldability .................................................................................20 4.1.2 Consumables..............................................................................................................25 4.1.3 Testing ..........................................................................................................................26 4.2 High energy density welding processes and material response ..........................28 4.3 Repair welds and material response .......................................................................29

VI

Through Optimum Use and Innovation of Welding and Joining Technologies

Improving Global Quality of Life